Primary Works:
* A Room of One’s Own, by Virginia Woolf
* Tartuffe, by Molière
* Oroonoko, by Aphra Behn
* Story of the Stone, by Cao Xueqin
* Confessions, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
* “We are Seven,” by William Wordsworth
* “My Last Duchess,” by Robert Browning
* “The Lady of Shalott,” by Alfred Tennyson
* “Goblin Market,” by Christina Rossetti
* The Death of Ivan Ilyich, by Leo Tolstoy
* “Separate Ways,” by Higuchi Ichiyō
* A Doll’s House, by Henrick Ibsen
* “The Rod of Justice,” by Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis
* The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka
* “The Dead,” by James Joyce
* “Spotted Horses,” by William Faulkner
* “Leda and the Swan,” by William Butler Yeats
* “The Old Chief Mshlanga,” by Doris Lessing
* Endgame, by Samuel Beckett
* “The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman,” by Clarice Lispector
* “Yellow Woman,” by Leslie Marmon Silko
* “The Perforated Sheet,” by Salman Rushdie
* “Recitatif,” by Toni Morrison
* “The General Retires,” by Nguyen Huy Thiep
While reading Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own,” I came across a list of several dramatic and literary characters Woolf feels to be strong and unrealistic representations of the female sex because they are treated so well by their authors. The list of dramatic characters includes “Clytemnestra, Antigone, Cleopatra, Lady Macbeth, Phèdre, Cressida, Rosalind, Desdemona, the Duchess of Malfi, among the dramatists . . .” (Norton 362). In my studies of theatre history, I have become familiar with these characters and their stories, and I know these characters all, in some form or other, are victims, which makes it hard to see them as truly strong characters.
After writing on this topic in my second short essay, finding that all the characters I examined were victims, I wondered if this pattern existed elsewhere. So, I decided I would go back through the pieces we have read throughout this semester and examine the main female characters of each (if they have one) to see if they also become victims in some way. My theory is that the pattern will continue with these works, with maybe a couple exceptions.
Of the women listed above, Woolf said,
Indeed, if woman had no existence save in the fiction written by men, one would imagine her a person of the utmost importance; very various; heroic and mean; splendid and sordid; infinitely beautiful and hideous in the extreme; as great as a man, some think even greater. But this is woman in fiction. In fact, as Professor Trevelyan points out, she was locked up, beaten and flung about the room (Norton, 362-363).
Woolf feels that the women of fiction are such important and beautiful characters meant to be revered, but in reality they are beaten, abused, and victimized. However, if you look at the stories of these characters she listed you will see that they, too, were victims of men in some form or fashion. Perhaps this was an oversight, or perhaps of the state of things for women of that era, the women of fiction had comparatively pretty good treatment.
I should explain what I mean when I say “victim. There are many definitions, but the one I am working with states that a victim is “one that is acted on and usually adversely affected by a force or agent.” However, for my project I want to be a little looser with the term. I will be selective in the kinds of misfortunes the character suffers because everyone, at some point, suffers some kind of misfortune. I will look for things that have major, life-altering impacts and were out of the characters’ control. I will also exclude a character from being listed as a victim if their misfortunes come from a conscious decision that they made. They knew their choice could have negative consequences, but followed through with it. I don’t want to be too tight with the definition because I feel if I am, everyone will be a victim, and I want to try to be more objective.
I got the idea for an online quiz because I take online quizzes all the time and find them fun. I feel like this is a fun and interesting activity we could all do together as a class that would spark interesting conversations, which has been one of this class’s strengths. I also chose an online quiz because I am not very tech savvy, but I feel like making this would be something I could learn how to do.
I thought I would make each question with the name of the character, their story, and the author; maybe the date. I would like to find images of each character if I can so it’s more interesting to look at. Each question will have “yes”, “no”, and “not clear” options. With each answer, I will give a justification for why they are or are not victims. At the end, I will try to do a point tally to see how well we did. I am hoping that there might be some debate over some of these characters because I think conversations like that are very useful and productive.
Bibliography
Ahmed, Shahina. “Separate Ways.” Tempting Choices. Blogspot, 29 Mar. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Beckett, Samuel. “Endgame.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 767-795. Print.
Behn, Aphra. “Oroonoko; or The Royal Slave.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 200-246. Print.
Browning, Robert. “My last Duchess.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 442-443. Print.
Clair, Toni. “Tartuffe with Toni Clair, Actress.” Toni Clair. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Cook, Brian EG. “Brian EG Cook: Tartuffe.” Brian EG Cook. Blogger, 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Cribbs, John. “John Huston’s The Dead.” The Pink Smoke. The Pink Smoke, 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Daydreams of a Drunken Woman.” Missjaneeyrerochester.tumblr.com. Tumblr.com, 5 Dec. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Faulkner, William. “Spotted Horses.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 387-400. Print.
“File:Wolf Kibel, The Servant Girl, Oil on Canvas, 610 X 670 Mm.jpg.” Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia, 15 Dec. 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Friedlander, Ed. “Enjoying “The Lady of Shalott” by Alfred Tennyson.” Path Guy. Bravenet, 30 Jan. 2005. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Goblin Market.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 30 Nov. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Google Doodle Honours Leo Tolstoy on 186th Birth Anniversary.” Dna India. Diligent Media Corporation Ltd., 9 Sept. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Hood, Robert. “Metamorphosis: Unleashing the Bug — Exclusive.” Undead Backbrain. WordPress, 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Ibsen, Henrick. “A Doll’s House.” Canvas.instructure.com. Web. 20 Nov. 2015. <https://canvas.instructure.com/courses/961057/files/?preview=36399673>.
Ichiyō, Higuchi. “Separate Ways.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 907-913. Print.
Jones, Jane Anderson. “Women in Literature SCF LIT 2380.” Faculty.scf.edu. State College of Florida. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.
Joseph, Keith A. “Beckett’s Flawed Music.” Eunuch in the Harem. Blogspot, 23 May 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Joyce, James. “The Dead.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 178-207. Print.
Kafka, Franz. “Metamorphosis.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 210-241. Print.
Kent, Lottie. “Escaping Slavery: ‘A Doll’s House'” Portsmouth Point. Blogspot, 6 Oct. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Know About the Vietnam Culture.” Culture X Tourism. Culturextourism, 19 May 2013. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.
“Leda and the Swan Picture.” GreekMythology.com. GreekMythology.com. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Lee, Peggy. “红楼梦 – Dream of the Red Chamber.” Bits and Pieces. Blogspot, 23 June 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Lessing, Doris. “The Old Chief Mshlanga.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 717-726. Print.
Lispector, Clarice. “The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 809-814. Print.
Lopez, Elena. “Yellow Woman.” Unraveling Extramarital Affairs. WordPress, 4 Nov. 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
McCormack, David. “Beautiful but Haunting Photographs That Capture Ordinary Americans During the Great Depression of the 1930s.” Daily Mail UK. Daily Mail UK, 29 Sept. 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria. “The Rod of Justice.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 839-844. Print.
“Midnight’s Children (2013).” Rotten Tomatoes. Flixter, Inc. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.
Molière. “Tartuffe.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 144-197. Print.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitaif.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1131-1143. Print.
“Mrs. Linde in A Doll’s House: Production at Eastern Illinois University.” Flickr. Flickr, 28 Aug. 2008. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“My Last Duchess.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 30 Nov. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Nguyen, Huy Thiep. “The General Retires.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1210-1222. Print.
“Oroonoko: Women Writers, 1660-1800.” Women Writers, 1660-1800: Exploring Authorial Adventures in the Long Eighteenth Century. WordPress.com, 11 Mar. 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Rossetti, Christina. “The Goblin Market.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 493-504. Print.
Roumégoux, Céline. “Tartuffe De Molière Acte I Scène 1 (du Vers 85 Au Vers 171) Commentaire.” Monplaisir Lettres. Commentaires De Théâtre Classe De 1ière, 23 June 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. “Confessions.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 57-72. Print.
Rousseau, Jean-Jeaques. “Les Confessions (Rousseau)/Livre II.” Wikisource. Wikisource, 14 Apr. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Rushdie, Salman. “The Perforated Sheet.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1131-1143. Print.
Silko, Leslie Marmon. “The Yellow Woman.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1030-1036. Print.
“Tartuffe.” Garvella. Ez Publish, 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Tennyson, Alfred. “The Lady of Shalott.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 431-435. Print.
Tolstoy, Leo. “The Death of Ivan Ilyich.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 740-778. Print.
“Vintage Photos.” BadRap.org. BadRap, 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“We Are Seven – Wordsworth 1859.” Flickr. Flickr, 4 Feb. 2012. Web.
Woolf, Virginia. “A Room of One’s Own.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 339-371. Print.
Wordsworth, William. “We Are Seven.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 349-350. Print.
“The Worst of Doctor Who: “The Two Doctors”.” Blogging with Badger. WordPress, 9 Oct. 2009. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Cao, Xueqin. “The Story of the Stone.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 521-583. Print.
Yeats, William Butler. “Leda and the Swan.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 525. Print.
* A Room of One’s Own, by Virginia Woolf
* Tartuffe, by Molière
* Oroonoko, by Aphra Behn
* Story of the Stone, by Cao Xueqin
* Confessions, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
* “We are Seven,” by William Wordsworth
* “My Last Duchess,” by Robert Browning
* “The Lady of Shalott,” by Alfred Tennyson
* “Goblin Market,” by Christina Rossetti
* The Death of Ivan Ilyich, by Leo Tolstoy
* “Separate Ways,” by Higuchi Ichiyō
* A Doll’s House, by Henrick Ibsen
* “The Rod of Justice,” by Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis
* The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka
* “The Dead,” by James Joyce
* “Spotted Horses,” by William Faulkner
* “Leda and the Swan,” by William Butler Yeats
* “The Old Chief Mshlanga,” by Doris Lessing
* Endgame, by Samuel Beckett
* “The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman,” by Clarice Lispector
* “Yellow Woman,” by Leslie Marmon Silko
* “The Perforated Sheet,” by Salman Rushdie
* “Recitatif,” by Toni Morrison
* “The General Retires,” by Nguyen Huy Thiep
While reading Virginia Woolf’s “A Room of One’s Own,” I came across a list of several dramatic and literary characters Woolf feels to be strong and unrealistic representations of the female sex because they are treated so well by their authors. The list of dramatic characters includes “Clytemnestra, Antigone, Cleopatra, Lady Macbeth, Phèdre, Cressida, Rosalind, Desdemona, the Duchess of Malfi, among the dramatists . . .” (Norton 362). In my studies of theatre history, I have become familiar with these characters and their stories, and I know these characters all, in some form or other, are victims, which makes it hard to see them as truly strong characters.
After writing on this topic in my second short essay, finding that all the characters I examined were victims, I wondered if this pattern existed elsewhere. So, I decided I would go back through the pieces we have read throughout this semester and examine the main female characters of each (if they have one) to see if they also become victims in some way. My theory is that the pattern will continue with these works, with maybe a couple exceptions.
Of the women listed above, Woolf said,
Indeed, if woman had no existence save in the fiction written by men, one would imagine her a person of the utmost importance; very various; heroic and mean; splendid and sordid; infinitely beautiful and hideous in the extreme; as great as a man, some think even greater. But this is woman in fiction. In fact, as Professor Trevelyan points out, she was locked up, beaten and flung about the room (Norton, 362-363).
Woolf feels that the women of fiction are such important and beautiful characters meant to be revered, but in reality they are beaten, abused, and victimized. However, if you look at the stories of these characters she listed you will see that they, too, were victims of men in some form or fashion. Perhaps this was an oversight, or perhaps of the state of things for women of that era, the women of fiction had comparatively pretty good treatment.
I should explain what I mean when I say “victim. There are many definitions, but the one I am working with states that a victim is “one that is acted on and usually adversely affected by a force or agent.” However, for my project I want to be a little looser with the term. I will be selective in the kinds of misfortunes the character suffers because everyone, at some point, suffers some kind of misfortune. I will look for things that have major, life-altering impacts and were out of the characters’ control. I will also exclude a character from being listed as a victim if their misfortunes come from a conscious decision that they made. They knew their choice could have negative consequences, but followed through with it. I don’t want to be too tight with the definition because I feel if I am, everyone will be a victim, and I want to try to be more objective.
I got the idea for an online quiz because I take online quizzes all the time and find them fun. I feel like this is a fun and interesting activity we could all do together as a class that would spark interesting conversations, which has been one of this class’s strengths. I also chose an online quiz because I am not very tech savvy, but I feel like making this would be something I could learn how to do.
I thought I would make each question with the name of the character, their story, and the author; maybe the date. I would like to find images of each character if I can so it’s more interesting to look at. Each question will have “yes”, “no”, and “not clear” options. With each answer, I will give a justification for why they are or are not victims. At the end, I will try to do a point tally to see how well we did. I am hoping that there might be some debate over some of these characters because I think conversations like that are very useful and productive.
Bibliography
Ahmed, Shahina. “Separate Ways.” Tempting Choices. Blogspot, 29 Mar. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Beckett, Samuel. “Endgame.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 767-795. Print.
Behn, Aphra. “Oroonoko; or The Royal Slave.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 200-246. Print.
Browning, Robert. “My last Duchess.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 442-443. Print.
Clair, Toni. “Tartuffe with Toni Clair, Actress.” Toni Clair. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Cook, Brian EG. “Brian EG Cook: Tartuffe.” Brian EG Cook. Blogger, 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Cribbs, John. “John Huston’s The Dead.” The Pink Smoke. The Pink Smoke, 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Daydreams of a Drunken Woman.” Missjaneeyrerochester.tumblr.com. Tumblr.com, 5 Dec. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Faulkner, William. “Spotted Horses.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 387-400. Print.
“File:Wolf Kibel, The Servant Girl, Oil on Canvas, 610 X 670 Mm.jpg.” Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia, 15 Dec. 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Friedlander, Ed. “Enjoying “The Lady of Shalott” by Alfred Tennyson.” Path Guy. Bravenet, 30 Jan. 2005. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Goblin Market.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 30 Nov. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Google Doodle Honours Leo Tolstoy on 186th Birth Anniversary.” Dna India. Diligent Media Corporation Ltd., 9 Sept. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Hood, Robert. “Metamorphosis: Unleashing the Bug — Exclusive.” Undead Backbrain. WordPress, 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Ibsen, Henrick. “A Doll’s House.” Canvas.instructure.com. Web. 20 Nov. 2015. <https://canvas.instructure.com/courses/961057/files/?preview=36399673>.
Ichiyō, Higuchi. “Separate Ways.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 907-913. Print.
Jones, Jane Anderson. “Women in Literature SCF LIT 2380.” Faculty.scf.edu. State College of Florida. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.
Joseph, Keith A. “Beckett’s Flawed Music.” Eunuch in the Harem. Blogspot, 23 May 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Joyce, James. “The Dead.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 178-207. Print.
Kafka, Franz. “Metamorphosis.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 210-241. Print.
Kent, Lottie. “Escaping Slavery: ‘A Doll’s House'” Portsmouth Point. Blogspot, 6 Oct. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“Know About the Vietnam Culture.” Culture X Tourism. Culturextourism, 19 May 2013. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.
“Leda and the Swan Picture.” GreekMythology.com. GreekMythology.com. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Lee, Peggy. “红楼梦 – Dream of the Red Chamber.” Bits and Pieces. Blogspot, 23 June 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Lessing, Doris. “The Old Chief Mshlanga.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 717-726. Print.
Lispector, Clarice. “The Daydreams of a Drunk Woman.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 809-814. Print.
Lopez, Elena. “Yellow Woman.” Unraveling Extramarital Affairs. WordPress, 4 Nov. 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
McCormack, David. “Beautiful but Haunting Photographs That Capture Ordinary Americans During the Great Depression of the 1930s.” Daily Mail UK. Daily Mail UK, 29 Sept. 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Machado de Assis, Joaquim Maria. “The Rod of Justice.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 839-844. Print.
“Midnight’s Children (2013).” Rotten Tomatoes. Flixter, Inc. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.
Molière. “Tartuffe.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 144-197. Print.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitaif.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1131-1143. Print.
“Mrs. Linde in A Doll’s House: Production at Eastern Illinois University.” Flickr. Flickr, 28 Aug. 2008. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“My Last Duchess.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 30 Nov. 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Nguyen, Huy Thiep. “The General Retires.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1210-1222. Print.
“Oroonoko: Women Writers, 1660-1800.” Women Writers, 1660-1800: Exploring Authorial Adventures in the Long Eighteenth Century. WordPress.com, 11 Mar. 2011. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Rossetti, Christina. “The Goblin Market.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 493-504. Print.
Roumégoux, Céline. “Tartuffe De Molière Acte I Scène 1 (du Vers 85 Au Vers 171) Commentaire.” Monplaisir Lettres. Commentaires De Théâtre Classe De 1ière, 23 June 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. “Confessions.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 57-72. Print.
Rousseau, Jean-Jeaques. “Les Confessions (Rousseau)/Livre II.” Wikisource. Wikisource, 14 Apr. 2014. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Rushdie, Salman. “The Perforated Sheet.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1131-1143. Print.
Silko, Leslie Marmon. “The Yellow Woman.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 1030-1036. Print.
“Tartuffe.” Garvella. Ez Publish, 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Tennyson, Alfred. “The Lady of Shalott.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 431-435. Print.
Tolstoy, Leo. “The Death of Ivan Ilyich.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 740-778. Print.
“Vintage Photos.” BadRap.org. BadRap, 2015. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
“We Are Seven – Wordsworth 1859.” Flickr. Flickr, 4 Feb. 2012. Web.
Woolf, Virginia. “A Room of One’s Own.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 339-371. Print.
Wordsworth, William. “We Are Seven.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume E. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 349-350. Print.
“The Worst of Doctor Who: “The Two Doctors”.” Blogging with Badger. WordPress, 9 Oct. 2009. Web. 5 Dec. 2015.
Cao, Xueqin. “The Story of the Stone.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume D. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 521-583. Print.
Yeats, William Butler. “Leda and the Swan.” The Norton Anthology of World Literature, Volume F. Ed. Martin Puchner. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2012. 525. Print.